Palhae, a flour-inshing empire in the Orient

Palhae Kingdom(or Balhae Kingdom), 698A.D.-926A.D.
A flourishing empire in the orient(海東盛國)

Even after Koguryo ceased to exist in 668, the anti-Tang struggle waged by the surviving members of Koguryo continued in the areas north of the River amonk-gang The Koguryo general Tae Jo Yong organized a peoples struggle against the Tang in-vaders in the Liaotung area, pushed on them into the west of the Liao River and set up the kingdom of in Palhae in 698. He made he first capital at Tongmo-san (now Tunhua in Northeast China) and then moved it to Sanggyongryong Chondu (Toungkingcheng).
The area south of the River Taedong-gang passed under river was absorbed by Palhae that succeeded to Ko-ryo. this meat that the former territories of the Tree kingdoms were completely regained.
The people and the Malfgal tribe who had lived in the territory of Koguryo from the outset. Foremost among the top circles of the ruling apparatus were those of Koguryo origin.
Palhae soon became a strong kingdom because she inherited the developed economy culture of Koguryo.
in 732 in order to frustrate the attempted aggres-sive design of Tang, the naval troops of Palhae landed at Tungju (now Penglai) of the Santung penin-sula and slew its governor. Afer defeating the guard troops they withdrew quickly. such preemptive strike by a naval force of Palhae originated with the traditional tactics employed by the Koguryo people. After its establishment, Palhae soon secured a wide territory. it was bordered on the south by silla with the Chongchon-gang River and Anbyon as a demarcation line; the Liao River separated it from its western neigh Tang and Khitan; and it faced the lower Sungari River in the north and the East Sea in the east.
Immediately after its foundation it set about re- organizing its ruing machine-military system. The central administration consisted of three ministries, the highest government organ, whose function was to draft the kings order, issue it, guide its impleman-tation and deliver opinions, and six departments, the executive organ. The local administration was divided into 5 Ryong (districts), 15 pu(sub-districts) and 62 chu (counties). All these aimed to dominate and plunder the people. The capital had five military units. The local troops were under the command of the respective local governor. The Palhae army was militant spirit. It was said that three men of Palhae were enough to catch a tiger without weapons.
Endowed with vast fertile plains, the inhabitants were occupied mainly with agriculture. They also practised a stockbreeding, hinting and fishing eco-nomy. The development of craft was noteworthy. Fur goods of fair quality, gold and silver articles and potteries were special products of Palhae. Many of used as tray which was exported to Tang in 831 had a capacity of 0.5 som (one som is 4.9629 bushels), but its weight was as light as fur. This tes-tifies to the technical excellence of porcelain in that period.
As the relations with Tang became normalized Palhae sent its students to Tang for scholarly research and carried on trade briskly. It had almost no rela-tions with Silla in the south but generally enjoyed good relations with Japan across the sea. Several hundreds of Palhae envoys cross the sea at a time and they had favourable effects upon the dev-elopment of culture there.
At the time Palhae had a wide territory, devel-oped economy and culture and strong army. so, she was known by the name of "Haedong Singgunk", or a flourishing empire in the East.
But from the latter half of the 9th century the moral corruption in ruling circles and social contra-dicrions.
In 926 it was conquered by the Khitan tribe, a nomadic tribe, that established a dynasty in the area of the upper reaches of the Liao River.
Since then many surviving members of Palhae moved to Koryo.